Argument evidence
IMF FY2027 programme discussions target an underlying primary surplus of 2% of GDP.
Source
IMF — https://www.imf.org/en/news/articles/2026/05/20/pr26161-pakistan-imf-staff-concludes-visit-to-pakistan. Verified in source set / retroactive normalization pending.
What it proves
Use for fiscal consolidation; distinguish primary from overall balance.