Evidence
Total fertility rate, Pakistan (PDHS 2017-18)
Source
NIPS and ICF, Pakistan Demographic and Health Survey 2017-18 — https://dhsprogram.com/pubs/pdf/FR354/FR354.pdf. Matched to the source page by an automated research pass on 6 Oct 2026; not yet checked by a person..
What it proves
Fertility is falling and much lower in cities, evidence of families adapting toward fewer children as society modernises.
fertilitytfrpopulation growthfamily sizepdhsurban-rural