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Causal chain · Public Administration · Pakistan Affairs · Essay

Devolution → service delivery → local accountability

AC01 · 4 evidence cards

This chain

The chain Evidence (4)

1Devolution
2service delivery
3local accountability

Core logic: Responsibility/resources must reach accountable local institutions.

Evidence in this chain

Local-government spending fell from about 10% of total government spending in 2005 to under 5% in 2024 after major devol (2005-2024)World Bank Overlapping responsibilities, weak local-government resources and misaligned financing blur accountability across tiers. (2026)World Bank Punjab Cities Program benefited over 4.5m residents in 16 cities; own-source revenues rose from about US$6.22m in 2017-1 (2017-2025)World Bank All 16 Punjab Cities Program cities adopted rolling development plans; own-source revenues nearly tripled and average pe (2017-2025)World Bank