Separation of powers among the legislative, executive, and judicial branches is crucial for cheeks and balances and ultimately accountable public administration. However, maintaining this balance is highly challenging and leads to institutional conflict. To what extent have these conflicts strengthened or weakened accountability and public administration in Pakistan? Critically evaluate with empirical and constitutional evidence.

Critically analyse · 20 marks · 30 min

About 1200 words. The examiner marks against these:

• ☐ Give evidence
• ☐ Both sides
• ☐ Take a position
• ☐ Pakistan link

Debate: Have institutional conflicts strengthened or weakened accountability in Pakistan?