Safely treated domestic wastewater

What it does not prove: The indicator covers domestic wastewater only, so industrial and agricultural effluent sits outside it entirely and total untreated discharge is worse than the 61.9% residual implies. It is also a 2022 figure, two years older than the 45.0% drinking-water number, so the two cannot be quoted as a same-year snapshot of the water system.

Memory hook: 38.1% treated → three in five litres of household sewage returned raw

Rebuts the claim: 'Water policy means building storage and canals' — untreated return flows degrade the supply already in the system.