Causal chain · Environment · Economics · Pakistan Affairs
Water → agriculture → climate → food security
- Water
- agriculture
- climate
- food security
Core logic: Water stress is driven heavily by agriculture and climate volatility.
Evidence in this chain
Safely managed drinking water: 45.0% of population (2024)UN SDG Pakistan profileSafely treated domestic wastewater: 38.1% (2022)UN SDG Pakistan profileFreshwater withdrawals relative to available resources: 98.1% (2023)UN SDG Pakistan profileAgriculture accounts for about 95% of Pakistan's freshwater withdrawals; inefficient agricultural water use was estimateWorld BankUnder a 3°C warming scenario, Pakistan's water demand could rise by more than 50% by 2047 while supply remains relativel (Projection to 2047)World BankNormal/average system irrigation-water usage benchmark ~103.5 MAF.Pakistan Economic SurveySurface-water availability in 2025-26 ~92.0 MAF. (2025-26)Pakistan Economic Survey2025-26 surface-water availability was ~11.1% below average system usage. (2025-26)Pakistan Economic Survey2022-23 availability fell to 72.7 MAF, 29.8% below average. (2022-23)Pakistan Economic SurveyAgriculture accounts for about 95% of Pakistan's freshwater withdrawals.World Bank