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Two-Nation Theory · Challenges the claim

Iqbal's Allahabad Address proposes a north-western Muslim state

29 Dec 1930 · Road to Pakistan

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Two-Nation Theory

All events 1905 · Curzon partitions Bengal, creating a Muslim-majority eastern province 1906 · All-India Muslim League founded at Dhaka 1909 · Morley-Minto Reforms grant Muslims separate electorates 1916 · Lucknow Pact: Congress and League agree joint reform scheme 1920 · Khilafat movement joins Gandhi's non-cooperation campaign 1929 · Jinnah presents Fourteen Points in reply to Nehru Report 1930 · Iqbal's Allahabad Address proposes a north-western Muslim state

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1937 · 1937 elections; Congress ministries refuse coalitions with League 1940 · Lahore Resolution demands independent states in Muslim-majority areas 1946 · Cabinet Mission Plan proposes a united India with provincial groups 1947 · 3 June Plan transfers power to two states

Iqbal grounded Muslim political claims in religious community, presenting Muslims as a people distinct from the rest of India.

Source: Frances W. Pritchett, Columbia University (text from Iqbal Academy, 1977), 1977

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Was the Two-Nation Theory a reaction to events or an inherent Muslim identity?

“Supports” means it backs the claim: The Two-Nation Theory was a reaction to political events rather than a fixed, inherent Muslim identity.

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