Foreign-owned firms were about 46% more productive than comparable domestic firms in cited analysis.
Source
World Bank — https://blogs.worldbank.org/en/endpovertyinsouthasia/global-integration-can-spur-productivity-growth-pakistan. Verified in source set / retroactive normalization pending.
What it proves
FDI can transmit capital, management and knowledge if domestic linkages exist.
How to deploy: Use Foreign-owned firms were about 46% more productive than comparable domestic firms in cited analysis. (Foreign-owned firms were about 46% more productive than comparable domestic firms in cited analysis., None) to support the claim that FDI can transmit capital, management and knowledge if domestic linkages exist.
What it does not prove: This is a level comparison, not evidence of spillover: foreign firms cluster in capital-intensive, often protected segments, so a 46% premium is fully compatible with zero transfer to domestic suppliers. Causation also runs backwards — multinationals acquire the best domestic firms, so some of the premium was there before the foreign ownership was.
Memory hook: 46% → foreign-owned firms outproduce domestic twins; linkage decides who benefits
Rebuts the claim: 'FDI is repatriated profit with no productive content for the host economy' — the measured productivity gap is exactly the capital, management and knowledge that domestic linkage policy is supposed to capture.