Veterinary Science, Paper I

Vaccination is one of the best methods to protect ruminants from various diseases. Please mention details of five diseases in small ruminants in Pakistan including their etiology, pathogenesis and symptoms along with best time of vaccination.

Global Climate Change has become a reality and is affecting the physiology of our livestock as well. Please discuss the possible actions to be taken today at national level to minimize the stress of climate change on the productive performance of our local animals.

What is One Health Concept. Why the world is moving towards it and what is role of livestock sector in Pakistan in this regard?

Pakistani buffaloes are considered among the best buffaloes in the world but still the potential of this Black Gold is not being fully utilized by us. Suggest how our local farmers and dairy industry can better utilize this resource to get maximum economic output?

Increased use of antibiotics has resulted in Multi Drug Resistance issues in animals and humans. What are the causes of this problem and how can we effectively deal with this to minimize its adverse effects?

A field veterinarian is often busy dealing with reproductive disorders in cattle and buffaloes in Pakistan. Brief about five leading reproductive disorders of large ruminants and suggest their possible treatments.

Latest Molecular Biology and Genomics technologies are being utilized in various countries for better selection of their local animal. Please discuss some of potential techniques that can be adopted for improving the productivity of local animal genetic resources of Pakistan.

Pakistani livestock and dairy products cannot be exported to many countries of the world due to WTO standards. Please explain what are those international standards which are not being fulfilled by us at the moment and how can we overcome this issue in future by taking some steps at national level?