2025
"Rising public debt in Pakistan is more a symptom of weak fiscal management than economic necessity.” Discuss this statement critically.
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Debate #40 · IMF, debt and fiscal crisis
Is Pakistan's rising public debt economic necessity or fiscal mismanagement?
This debate
All debatesAsked beforeQuestions (7)Evidence (6)PositionsSame themeHas foreign aid helped or hindered Pakistan's development and governance?Are international financial institutions instruments of Western coercion over developing countries?Trade or aid: which better serves Pakistan's economic development?Asked before
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Examiners want: Causes of domestic and external debt, link to deficits, sustainability, advantages and disadvantages, consequences for development, and a way out of the debt trap
The questions
2022
Is foreign debt good for Pakistan? Discuss the associated advantages and disadvantages.
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2021
Presently Pakistan is under severe internal and external debt burden. Discuss its causes and future consequences for Pakistan's development.
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2020
Theoretically justify the role of public debt, either to play positive or negative. Analyze its role in Pakistan. Also discuss steps taken to solve this problem.
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2017
What is the concept of Public debt? Explain the dimensions for tackling the debt problems of developing countries like Pakistan.
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2011
Discuss the role of foreign debt and its implications. How can we get out of debt trap?
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2008
What is the relationship between debt burden and deficit financing? Discuss and compare two major sources of public debt and discuss their relative implications for national budget and sustainable development in a country like Pakistan?
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Evidence you can cite
Debt-to-GDP: ~68.5% (FY2025-26)Pakistan Economic Survey / Finance DivisionExternal public debt: US$92.2 billion (End-March 2026)Pakistan Economic SurveyPakistan's total external debt and liabilities: US$ 137,558 million (provisional); US$ 136,027 million at 30-Jun-25 (31 March 2026)State Bank of Pakistan, Pakistan's External Debt and Liabilities - OutstandingCreditor mix of Pakistan's long-term government external debt: Multilateral US$ 40,468 million (around 51.8%); non-Paris Club bilateral US$ 17,860 million (22.8%); Paris Club US$ 5,943 million (7.6%); Eurobonds/sukuk US$ 6,800 million (8.7%); foreign commercial banks US$ 5,850 million (7.5%) (End-March 2025 (FY2025))Finance Division, Pakistan Economic Survey 2024-25, Chapter 9 (Public Debt)External public debt inflows versus repayments and interest, July-March FY2025: Disbursements US$ 5,066 million; repayments US$ 5,636 million; interest payments US$ 2,660 million (July-March FY2025)Finance Division, Pakistan Economic Survey 2024-25, Chapter 9 (Public Debt)Public debt composition: Domestic ~Rs57.566tn; external ~Rs25.720tn (end-Mar 2026)Pakistan Economic Survey
Positions and chains
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News about this debate watches for: public debt, external debt, debt servicing, fiscal deficit, debt-to-gdp, debt trap, eurobond, sukuk, debt rollover, fiscal responsibility and debt limitation act, fbr revenue, primary deficit, domestic borrowing.