Q. 2
How does the chemiosmotic theory explain ATP synthesis during oxidative phosphorylation? What is the significance of the proton gradient across the inner mitochondrial membrane?
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FPSC · CSS 2025
Botany
This paper
Botany · all yearsQ. 2 · How does the chemiosmotic theory…Q. 3 · Describe the interaction between cytokinins…Q. 4 · What are the primary causes…Q. 5 · Explain the role of molecular…Q. 7 · How do convergent and divergent…With this paperPart-I MCQs20Official PDF2 pp← 20232026 →3 hours · questions hide until you reveal them
Part II
Q. 3
Describe the interaction between cytokinins and auxins in regulating plant growth and development, with specific examples of their synergistic and antagonistic effects.
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Q. 4
What are the primary causes of soil salinity and waterlogging in Pakistan? How do these issues impact agricultural productivity? Discuss with reference to specific regions and irrigation practices. Evaluate the effectiveness of government policies and initiatives in addressing waterlogging and salinity in Pakistan.
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Q. 5
Explain the role of molecular techniques in the diagnosis, identification, and management of plant pathogens. Provide specific examples of their application in Pakistan.
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Q. 7
How do convergent and divergent evolutions differ? Provide examples from nature. Also, describe the processes of genetic drift, gene flow, and mutation, and their contributions to evolution.
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About this paper
The 2025 CSS Botany paper set by the Federal Public Service Commission. Question wording only; questions marked “Not yet checked” have not been compared with the official paper yet. Open the official paper beside the questions to check any of them.
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