How did the Sufis of the Suhrawardiyya and Chishtiyya silsila structure their relationships with the Sultans and Mughal emperors in medieval India, particularly in terms of acting as advisors, receiving patronage, mediating between the populace and rulers, providing legitimacy to rulers, and confronting political authority when necessary?
How did trade and commerce influence the development of urban life in medieval India? What roles did markets, guilds, and trade networks play in shaping the social, economic, and cultural dynamics of medieval cities?
How did Indian politicians and intellectuals, through critiquing and adapting British colonial knowledge, contribute to the intellectual foundations of nationalism in India?
How did the experiences of Sir Syed Ahmad Khan, Allama Muhammad Iqbal, and Quaid-i-Azam Muhammad Ali Jinnah with the British and Hindus influence their shift from advocating for a united India to supporting the idea of Muslims as a separate nation?
How did the martial law regimes of General Zia-ul-Haq and General Pervez Musharraf impact political freedom and freedom of speech in Pakistan?
In what ways did Pakistan's foreign alliances, especially with the United States and China, influence its economic, political, and security development between 1947 and 1999?
Write short notes on any two of the following:
The 2025 CSS History of Pakistan & India paper set by the Federal Public Service Commission. Question wording only; questions marked “Not yet checked” have not been compared with the official paper yet. Open the official paper beside the questions to check any of them.
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